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90000 Gymnastics For Kids — Benefits, Games And Activities 90001 90002 Children can benefit from an active lifestyle in more ways than you realize. The American Academics of Pediatrics states that taking part in organized sports and activities provides kids excellent opportunities for social and physical development. And, one of the best and most artistic sports activities is gymnastics. So, today we talk about the pros and cons of gymnastics for kids and tell you about some amazing gymnastics activities.Read on to learn more. 90003 90004 What Is Gymnastics For Kids? 90005 90002 Gymnastics is a comprehensive lifestyle and exercise program, incorporating speed, strength, flexibility, coordination, power, and balance. It is a sport that requires immense dedication and skill. While it is advisable to begin early, most kids can start during their teens and continue through their college years. 90003 90004 Suitability And Early Skills: 90005 90002 Gymnastics is an excellent activity for both boys and girls.It is rather sufficient for developing a kid’s balance, basic motor skills, and coordination. 90003 90002 The beginner gymnastic classes focus on learning basic body positions like a straddle, tuck, rolling and gymnastics terminology. Once children learn these skills, they’ll progress to the good balance skills like hopping, jumping and walking on the balance beam. 90003 90002 As the kid becomes older and advances with gymnastics, he will require toning his body. And, he would need to discuss this matter with a qualified gymnastics instructor.90003 90002 90017 [Read: Strength Exercises For Kids] 90018 90003 90004 At What Age Should Kids Start Gymnastics? 90005 90002 There are no hard and fast rules of the age at which kids should start gymnastics. Even gyms do not follow any specific rules and regulation. Some gyms provide classes for kids as young as 18 months while some give lessons to a 12-year-old. Here, we list some guidelines to help you decide at what age you need to enroll your kids in the gymnastic classes. 90003 90024 1.American Academy Of Pediatrics: 90025 90002 According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children under six years old are not ready for organized sports like football or basketball. The organization suggests that children aged between 2 to 5 should practice motor skills by playing sports like running, tumbling, throwing and catching. The instructions should be short and crisp, and the playtime should be included in the formal classes. So young children aged between 2 to 5 can begin gymnastic classes as long as the courses aim at their motor skills development.The academy has also mentioned that gymnastics is great for kids aged 6 to 9, so waiting would be a good option. 90003 90024 2. USA Gymnastics: 90025 90002 USA Gymnastics, the father organization for the US Olympic team and all the certified gyms across the country recommends that kids less than three years old can take up classes with a parent or caregiver. It has a specific teacher certification for its trainers for young kids, called the Kinder Accreditation for Teachers. Their gymnastic classes use activities that are appropriate for each age group.90003 90024 3. Depends On Kids: 90025 90002 Deciding when the kid is ready for gymnastics depends on the child himself. If your little one has started doing the rolls across the backyard, then he might be more prepared for the gymnastic classes than your five-year-old who refuse to try moving sideways even on the run. But if the same kids can not sit still during story time, then he may not be able to handle the formal classes. Some gymnastic classes also give free trial classes so that you can see whether your kid is ready to do gymnastics or not.90003 90002 90017 [Read: Tips To Improve Concentration In Kids] 90018 90003 90004 Benefits Of Gymnastics: 90005 90002 Whether children are involved in recreational gymnastics or with a competition squad, the sport can provide several physiological and cognitive benefits to children. Gymnastics equips kids with skills that help them handle emotional and physical changes in life. Here are a few ways in which gymnastics can benefit your child. 90003 90024 1. Health Benefits: 90025 90002 Extended participation in gymnastics can provide your kids with some health benefits, regardless of the age or ability.A regular involvement in gymnastics will avoid the possibility of developing heart problems like heart diseases and diabetes. It even prevents age-related functional decline like osteoporosis and bone loss. 90003 90002 A study conducted by the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports found that one in three kids in the United States were overweight. Gymnastics helps burn fat, thereby contributing to weight management. So taking part is gymnastics will keep kids fit and healthy. Participating in gymnastics also helps your child sleep better.90003 90024 2. Lays The Athletic Foundation: 90025 90002 The USA Gymnastics has pointed out that gymnastics the lay foundation for any sport that kids choose to pursue when they get older. Gymnastics for children provides a mental toughness that is needed to excel in skills from beginner to elite levels. There’s a great deal of physical strength involved in it as well. Plus, gymnastic help develops strong leaders and good and competitive players. Just as sports like basketball and football, a gymnast learns how his unique talent would help the team.In short, gymnastic lays the foundation for all athletic endeavors. 90003 90024 3. Social Benefits: 90025 90002 Attending gymnastic classes regularly will give the young ones an opportunity to communicate with people of their age, work as a team and engage with adults, thereby honing their social skills. It will even help them learn how to follow directions, remain quiet when required, follow directions, listen, and respect others. Kids even motivate each other while learning gymnastics. Gymnastics also requires kids to build a healthy relationship with their coaches and teammates.90003 90024 4. Learn Discipline: 90025 90002 Gymnastics provides an ideal environment to learn fair play and sportsmanship. Learning to master these basic skills require an enormous amount of commitment, dedication, hard work and concentration on the part of gymnasts. Children who are regular at gymnastic classes work extremely hard to learn the skills that may otherwise take years for them to achieve. It’s also been proven that kids who do gymnastics have a better sense of judgment and fairness of character.90003 90024 5. Build Strength: 90025 90002 Gymnastics is renowned for producing the best athletes in the world. The sport requires doing body weight exercises to build core strength and upper and lower body. So taking part in gymnastics from a young age will give power, muscle strength and endurance to kids. Even the International Gymnastics School asserts that gymnastics makes the kids stronger through the regular training, giving better posture, toned muscles, and improved balance. 90003 90024 6.Overcoming Fears: 90025 90002 A few things in gymnastics are very scary, and a lot of this has to do with the fear of trying something that we have never done before. Gymnastics encourages the little ones to share their concerns with the coaches. The trainers and coaches then give exercises that can work through their fears. They lay the path and assist the young gymnasts in every step in achieving those challenges. This approach helps the kid overcome things that they perceive as impossible, be it things in the gym or life.90003 90002 90017 [Read: Benefits Of Aerobics For Kids] 90018 90003 90024 7. Cognitive Benefits: 90025 90002 Gymnastics does not just give physical gains but is beneficial for improving mental focus and concentration too. Gymnastics requires children to visualize the skills they have learned and act out. It gives the kids the chance to think for themselves, to solve the problems safely and to stimulate their imagination. During gymnastics, the nerve cells multiply, promoting and strengthening brain function and connections.Children will carry the coordination skills learned during gymnastics to their classrooms as well. Researchers even suggest that there is a strong correlation between physically fit kids and academic excellence. 90003 90024 8. Improves Coordination And Control Of Body: 90025 90002 Flexibility is a significant factor in gymnastics and to achieve it, children need to perform various moves. Increased flexibility is also effective in reducing injury and preventing kids from forcing a limb to a dangerous range of motion.By learning gymnastic movements and including them in a routine, your little gymnast can attain greater control of the body. 90003 90002 Gymnastics also improves coordination in children. Unlike non-gymnasts, gymnasts do not give a startling response to the sudden imbalances. By applying this condition in the normal life, kids will learn to avoid risky situations by identifying them quickly. Gymnastic for kids can even correct the body alignment when standing, jumping, walking, etc. 90003 90024 9.Fun: 90025 90002 We have saved the most persuasive and convincing benefit of gymnastic for the last. Gymnastics is great fun! Learning how to tumble, swing, flip, jump and even coming close to flight can be anything but boring. A regular participation in gymnastic also releases endorphins, the happiness chemicals, which will improve the mood in children and will keep them joyful. 90003 90004 Cons Of Gymnastics: 90005 90002 The admirable qualities of gymnastics have come under the scrutiny of critics who think that it can cause physical delays in the long run, or can do more harm than good to a kid’s well being.So is gymnastics right for the child? Or does it pose a threat to your kid’s health? Let’s find out the cons or drawbacks of the gymnastics below! 90003 90024 1.Injuries: 90025 90002 Gymnastics has the highest injury rate out of all the kids ‘sports, including cheerleading, basketball, and soccer. A 2008 issue of Pediatrics found that one in five children or more than 26000 U.S children suffers from gymnastic-related injuries every year. 90003 90024 2. Emotional Effects: 90025 90002 Putting high expectations to develop the advanced motor skills even before they are ready could lead to psychological defects in children.As reported by the American Academy of Pediatrics, a child may experience frustration or feelings of failure if the demands exceed his / her physical or cognitive development. He will not understand what is being taught in the class, even if the coach teaches all the skills and rules. 90003 90024 3. Shift Of Goals: 90025 90002 A healthy childhood is impossible if a high-level sport becomes a way of life. According to pediatricians, kids participating in high-level sport experience a shift from child-oriented goals to adult oriented goals.Yes, not every young gymnast reaches to the highest level, but many of them attempt to achieve it through rigorous training. Even the International Gymnastics Federation found that most of these athletes were pushed to perform at a high level by their coaches and parents. These kinds of parents and teachers often lack the environment and even knowledge to support this level of training, eventually leading to unhealthy habits.This is an amazing fun facts of all about gymnastics for kids. 90003 90002 90017 [Read: Warm up Exercises For Kids] 90018 90003 90004 Gymnastic Games And Activities For Kids: 90005 90002 While learning gymnastics, practicing and learning skills can be incorporated into games to keep the kids entertained.The games and activities should be creative, fun, yet challenging enough to improve the fitness components like endurance, flexibility, balance and muscle strength in tykes. 90003 90024 1. Adventure Trail: 90025 90002 Adventure Trail is a perfect warm-up game for the little gymnasts as it combines several exercises and works on different muscle groups. 90003 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90120 90121 Wedge mat station, handstand station and so on 90122 90123 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 For this game, you have to set up several stations around the gym.For instance, set up a tumble over the wedge mat station, followed by the handstand and bridge station. 90122 90131 90132 90121 Divide the gymnasts into two teams. The gymnasts have to complete all the stations in order, with each team starting at a different station. 90122 90131 90136 90121 To make the game more challenging, tell the kids to spend one or two minutes at the station before moving to the next station. This can be one of the best gymnastics games for kids. 90122 90131 90024 2.Simon Says With A Twist: 90025 90002 This version of Simon Says challenges children to follow the directions and work on their skills. 90003 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Tell your kids to line up and in front of their tutor. If the trainer says, «Do a cartwheel:» the students have to do a cartwheel. 90122 90131 90132 90121 But the catch is that instead of tricking the participants and commanding without saying, «Simon says,» the kid who fails to perform the skill or the one who does it last will lose the round.90122 90131 90136 90121 The game will be easier if another coach can see which children should go to each round. 90122 90131 90024 3. A Talent Routine: 90025 90002 Talent routine will promote creativity and teamwork in the gymnasts. 90003 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Divide the gymnasts into teams of two to three students. Give each team ten minutes to create their talent routine. Gymnasts can use their skills learned during the day or previous lesson, as long as a range of exercises has to be performed.90122 90131 90132 90121 Each team will perform their part one at a time. At the end of the performance, the teams have to write down which team they liked the best, but without voting for themselves. 90122 90131 90136 90121 The team that gets the most number of votes will win. It can be one of the best and interesting gymnastics for little kids to enjoy. 90122 90131 90024 4. Pretend, But With A Purpose: 90025 90002 Mixing creativity with exercise is the best way to keep the gymnasts occupied.90003 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Direct the little gymnasts to pretend and perform as different animals. For example, if a kid is pretending to be a kangaroo, he will jump around the room like a kangaroo. This activity will exercise the power and strength output. 90122 90131 90132 90121 Or if the gymnast wants to be a crab, he has to crawl around on his hands and feet, with the belly facing towards the ceiling. Pretending to be a crab will help build the muscles in the legs, arms, and core.90122 90131 90024 5. Memory Add-On: 90025 90002 According to the GOB Gymnastics, the memory add-on game will work on your kid’s memory and physical skill. 90003 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Have the gymnasts stand in a line and select on gymnast to perform a skill or exercise. The other gymnasts have to repeat the exercise. 90122 90131 90132 90121 Now the next gymnast in line has to show the same skill, but will add on one of his own skill or exercises.90122 90131 90136 90121 The kids have to continue adding the skill or activity until a gymnast forgets the order of tasks. 90122 90131 90232 90121 If it happens, shuffle the line and start again. 90002 90017 [Read: Benefits Of Exercises For Kids] 90018 90003 90122 90131 90024 6. Sister Phoebe: 90025 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90120 90121 A chair 90122 90121 Equipment to create obstacles 90122 90123 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Create an obstacle using the gymnastic equipment.90122 90131 90132 90121 Select on gymnast to play the dame. The dame has to sit in the middle while the other players have to join hands to form a ring and move around her chanting slowly, «How happy was Old Sister Phoebe when she sat under the oak tree?» 90122 90131 90136 90121 At the end of every chant, there will be a pause, during which the player standing behind the sitter will withdraw and hide. The player has to hide to the other side of the obstacle, but without making any noise. If ‘Phoebe’ catches the player while escaping, then the captured player will be the next dame.This needs to be repeated until the last player has withdrawn. 90122 90131 90232 90121 Sister Phoebe, who has been sleeping (not actually) the entire time because of the soothing singing, will awaken by the silence. 90122 90131 90272 90121 She now has to rise and look for the other players. If she is unable to find the players, she will quit the game by saying «Heigh-ho! I give up! » 90122 90131 90024 7. Serpentine Maze: 90025 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Make the kids stand in the line and tell them to grasp each other hand firmly.Now they have to follow the head or leader in a line, but without jerking or pulling. 90122 90131 90132 90121 Select two volunteers to stand in a particular position with their arms raised. 90122 90131 90136 90121 Now select the strongest and most skillful gymnast to be the leader in the game. She has to lead the line about the playground or gym, through several windings and turns and in the opposite direction to his / her column. She has to form a loop by passing through the upraised arms of two gymnasts.The player has to remain standing there while her column forms a spiral around her. 90122 90131 90232 90121 The spiral will be untied when the last column will start and others follow him / her or when the leader starts out from the center, leading the column back and forth through the raised arms of her followers. 90122 90131 90024 8. Volley Punch: 90025 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Divide the team into two and make them stand on each side of the volleyball net.Select three goalies for the game. One has to stand near the net and the other two between the traffic cones. 90122 90131 90132 90121 The players now have to hit the ball either into the net, to the teammates, or between the cones. The players can not catch the ball, they can only hit. 90122 90131 90136 90121 The goalies can catch the ball and then throw to the teammate. Goalies can not keep the ball away from the players. You can even switch the places and repeat the process. 90122 90131 90024 9.Freeze Frame: 90025 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90120 90121 Hula-hoop 90122 90121 Vault horse 90122 90121 Mats 90122 90121 Balance beam 90122 90121 Music player 90122 90123 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Divide the gymnasts in 5 teams. Assign the following activities to each team: 90122 90131 90120 90121 Jump over the folded mat in a hurling position 90122 90121 Jump on and off a vault horse 90122 90121 Hopscotch through 10 hula hoops 90122 90121 Crawl through a series of obstacles 90122 90121 Jump to the sides of a balance beam 90122 90123 90132 90121 While the students are performing the skills, you have to play some upbeat music.The kids have to freeze in their position the moment you hit the pause button. Repeat this on and off method often. 90122 90131 90136 90121 After each freeze, the students have to exchange their places with the gymnast in the left. Continue the game until every student has had a turn at each place. 90122 90131 90002 90017 [Read: Martial Arts Games For Kids] 90018 90003 90024 10. Island Tag: 90025 90002 Island tag is one of the great gymnastics activities for kids to build strength and agility in the knees, hips and ankles.90003 90002 90117 You Will Need: 90118 90003 90120 90121 Panel mats 90122 90121 Wedge mat 90122 90121 Balance beam 90122 90121 Foam mat 90122 90123 90002 90117 How To: 90118 90003 90128 90121 Spread out the foam mats, panel mat, balance beams and wedge mat on the floor. The equipment will be the island and the floor will be the water. 90122 90131 90132 90121 Now ask the little gymnasts to jump from island-to-island, playing tag. If they fall in or even touch the water, they will be ousted.The players who are ousted of the game will have to do some sort of conditioning until the round is over. 90122 90131 90136 90121 We’d suggest you to keep the rounds short to hold the attention of the kids. You should even try to change the ‘it’ often. 90122 90131 90002 So what are you waiting for? Enroll your child in gymnastics and see him transform into an entirely different being. Does your kid perform gymnastics? Do you have some tips to share related to gymnastics? Leave us a comment below! 90003 90410 90017 Recommended Articles: 90018 90413 Was this information helpful? .90000 Tendonitis of Wrist: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment 90001 90002 Whenever you see the suffix «itis,» it means «inflammation.» Wrist tendonitis is simply inflammation of the tendons in the wrist. 90003 90002 Tendons are thick, fibrous cords that connect muscle to bone. When a sudden injury causes a sprain, or repetitive motions cause the tendon to rub against the bone, inflammation can result. 90003 90002 Wrist tendonitis is not necessarily confined to a single tendon or part of the wrist.There are several tendons that surround the wrist joint that can become injured or inflamed. 90003 90002 Together, these tendons are responsible for the complex and subtle movements we use in the wrist, hands, and fingers. 90003 90002 It is easy to tell if you have wrist tendonitis because you will experience pain and stiffness in the wrist, especially after you wake up in the morning. The area will also feel tender and sore when you put pressure on it. 90003 90002 Mild swelling may be visible.In addition, the inflamed tendon may make a creaking noise when you move it. 90003 90002 The pain of wrist tendonitis is not particularly severe. It’s often described as more of a dull, passive ache than a sharp, intense pain. 90003 90002 Wrist tendonitis can decrease the range of motion in your hand, and you may experience weakness when performing routine motions, such as: 90003 90018 90019 gripping 90020 90019 pinching 90020 90019 throwing 90020 90019 typing 90020 90019 using a computer mouse 90020 90019 using a computer game controller 90020 90031 90002 When the tendons of the wrist are working properly, they slide in a sheath lined with synovial fluid to create frictionless movement.Injury or inflammation of the tendon can cause the sheath to thicken, enlarging it and restricting the fluidity of movement. 90003 90002 The most common cause of this inflammation is usually simple, repetitive motion that puts stress on the tendon over time. 90003 90002 In fact, wrist tendonitis is usually described as a repetitive strain injury because it’s frequently triggered by common everyday activities such as: 90003 90018 90019 playing sports 90020 90019 using a computer 90020 90019 writing 90020 90019 working physically 90020 90031 90002 While repetitive daily motions are the most common culprit for wrist tendonitis, this condition can also be caused by injuries and lifestyle habits.Some of these causes include: 90003 90018 90019 sudden injury (falling on, hitting, or bending the wrist) 90020 90019 poorly positioned joints or bones 90020 90019 weak wrist posture 90020 90019 arthritis 90020 90019 diabetes 90020 90019 age and / or flexibility 90020 90031 90002 It’s important not to confuse wrist tendonitis with arthritis of the wrist or carpal tunnel. One may aggravate the other, but they are different conditions: 90003 90018 90019 Arthritis is an inflammation of the joint.90020 90019 Carpal tunnel is caused by compression of a nerve. 90020 90019 Tendonitis is an inflammation of the tendon. 90020 90031 90002 Your doctor has a variety of options to choose from when determining how best to treat your wrist tendonitis. Common treatments include: 90003 90018 90019 splints and compression to give the overworked tendon time to rest and heal 90020 90019 stretching to improve flexibility 90020 90019 hot and cold therapy to reduce swelling 90020 90019 acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 90020 90019 corticosteroid injections to control inflammation 90020 90019 occupational therapy to fix functional behaviors that lead to tendonitis 90020 90031 90002 In more extreme cases, surgery can increase the space between tendons, but this solution is rarely needed.90003 90002 It’s important to talk to your doctor about identifying wrist tendonitis and options for treatment. 90003 90002 If you can lessen or improve the kinds of repetitive motions you make with your hands, fingers, and wrists every day, you can take some of the strain off your tendons and keep them from getting inflamed. 90003.90000 Introduction to gymnastics: Types of gymnastics 90001
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90002 Image credit: Stanley Cheah / SportSG 90003
90002 When you think of gymnastics, you may picture women doing stunts on balance beams, or men performing extraordinary feats on still rings — but did you know that these routines only represent one of the seven types of gymnastics?
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The sport is a complex combination that involves physical strength, flexibility, power, agility, coordination, grace, balance and control.Out of all the different disciplines, competitive artistic gymnastics is the most well known, but the other forms of gymnastics, including rhythmic gymnastics and aerobic gymnastics, have also gained widespread popularity.
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90010 90008 Artistic gymnastics 90012
90002 The most popular and widely-practised form, artistic gymnastics is divided into women’s and men’s gymnastics. Women compete on four events: vault, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise, while men compete on six events: floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and high bar.The sport consists mainly of the use of various gymnastic apparatus, as well as the use of the floor for different exercises.
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Rhythmic gymnastics 90012
90002 Rhythmic gymnastics is the performance of various gymnastics moves and dance exercises to music, with or without various gymnastic apparatus. Only women compete in the sport, which combines elements of ballet and gymnastics in the performance of five separate routines with the use of one of the five apparatuses: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs and rope.There are also group routines consisting of two to six gymnasts, performing with a maximum of two apparatuses of their choice.
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Aerobic gymnastics 90012 90003
90002 Aerobic gymnastics, also known as sport aerobics, involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios, or groups of up to six people. These routines typically emphasise strength, flexibility and aerobic fitness, rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines typically lasting 60 to 90 seconds are performed on floors, without the use of other apparatus.90003
90002 90032 To receive the latest updates on the happenings in the Singapore sports scene, or to find out more about some of the latest programmes on offer at ActiveSG, like our Facebook page 90033 90010 here 90012 90010 90012. 90038 90003
.90000 gymnastics | Events, Equipment, History, & Facts 90001 90002 History 90003
90004 The term 90005 gymnastics 90006, derived from a Greek word meaning «to exercise naked,» applied in ancient Greece to all exercises practiced in the gymnasium, the place where male athletes did indeed exercise unclothed. Many of these exercises came to be included in the Olympic Games, until the abandonment of the Games in ad 393. Some of the competitions grouped under this ancient definition of gymnastics later became separate sports such as athletics (track and field), wrestling, and boxing.90007
90004 Of the modern events currently considered to be gymnastics, only tumbling and a primitive form of vaulting were known in the ancient world. For instance, Egyptian hieroglyphs show variations of backbends and other stunts being performed with a partner, while a well-known fresco from Crete at the palace at Knossos shows a leaper performing what is either a cartwheel or handspring over a charging bull. Tumbling was an art form in ancient China as well. Stone engravings found in Shandong province that date to the Han period (206 bc-ad 220) portray acrobatics being performed.90007
90004 Tumbling continued in the Middle Ages in Europe, where it was practiced by traveling troupes of thespians, dancers, acrobats, and jugglers. The activity was first described in the West in a book published in the 15th century by Archange Tuccaro, 90005 Trois dialogues du Sr. Archange Tuccaro 90006 (the book contains three essays on jumping and tumbling). Tumbling seems to be an activity that evolved in various forms in many cultures with little cross-cultural influence. For instance, the hoop-diving illustrated in Tuccaro’s book looks very similar to a type of tumbling seen in ancient China.Tumbling and acrobatics of all kinds were eventually incorporated into the circus, and it was circus acrobats who first used primitive trampolines. 90007
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90004 Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s novel 90005 Émile; ou, de l’éducation 90006 (1762; 90005 Emile; or, On Education 90006) is credited by historians as the catalyst of educational reform in Europe that combined both the physical and cognitive training of children.Rousseau’s work inspired educational reformers in Germany, who opened schools known as Philanthropinum in the late 1700s that featured a wide variety of outdoor activities, including gymnastics; children from all economic strata were accepted. The «grandfather» of modern gymnastics, Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths (1759-1839), was a leading teacher at the Philanthropinist school in Schnepfenthal. In his seminal work, 90005 Gymnastik für die Jugend 90006 (1793; 90005 Gymnastics for Youth 90006), Guts Muths envisioned two main divisions of gymnastics: natural gymnastics and artificial gymnastics.These two divisions may be thought of as utilitarian and nonutilitarian gymnastics. The former disciplines emphasize the health of the body, similar to the exercises developed in Sweden and Denmark under Per Henrik Ling (1776-1839) and Neils Bukh (1880-1950), respectively. Modern aerobics also falls into this category; indeed, sports aerobics has recently been added to the disciplines sponsored by the International Gymnastics Federation. In contrast, nonutilitarian gymnastics is characterized by modern artistic gymnastics, the maneuvers of which are geared to beauty and not function.For example, in feudal Europe young men were taught to mount and dismount a horse, useful knowledge during a time when armies rode. Modern «horse» work in artistic gymnastics has evolved to a point where there is no practical connection between gymnastic maneuvers on a horse and horsemanship. Only the language of riding remains, with the terms «mount» and «dismount» still being used in gymnastics. 90007
90004 The prime developer of natural gymnastics was Per Henrik Ling. In 1813 Ling founded a teacher-training centre, the Royal Gymnastics Central Institute, in Stockholm.Ling devised and taught a system of gymnastic exercises designed to produce medical benefits for the athlete. Calisthenics are attributed to him, including free calisthenics-that is, exercises without the use of hand apparatus such as clubs, wands, and dumbbells. Although Ling did not promote competition, free calisthenics have evolved into the competitive sport now known as floor exercise. 90007
90004 The acknowledged «father» of gymnastics, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, founder of the 90005 Turnverein 90006 movement, is credited with the rapid spread of gymnastics throughout the world.Gymnastic competition can be traced to the outdoor playground (90005 Turnplatz 90006) Jahn opened in a field known as the «Hasenheide» (rabbit field) on the outskirts of Berlin. Ernst Eiselen, Jahn’s assistant and the coauthor of 90005 Die Deutsche Turnkunst 90006 (1816; 90005 The German Gymnastic Art 90006), carefully noted and explained the various exercises developed on the playground. The pommel horse was used for leg-swinging exercises and for vaulting. Jahn invented the parallel bars to increase the upper-body strength of his students, and immense towers were erected to test their courage.Balance beams, horizontal bars, climbing ropes, and climbing poles were also found at the 90005 Turnplatz 90006. Primitive pole vaulting was practiced along with other athletic games. The wide variety of challenging apparatus found on the playground attracted young men who were then, in addition, indoctrinated with Jahn’s dream of German unification and his ideas on the defense of the fatherland and ridding Prussia of French influence. 90007
90004 The Prussians and leaders from surrounding countries became wary of nationalist sentiments, and Jahn and his followers were viewed with suspicion after the defeat of Napoleon in 1813.By 1815 student organizations such as the Burschenschaft ( «Youth Branch») were in favour of adopting a constitutional form of government, arming the citizenry, and instituting greater civil freedoms. In 1819, after the murder of the German playwright August von Kotzebue by a Burschenschaft gymnast, the Prussian king Frederick William III closed approximately 100 gymnastics fields and centres in Prussia. Other Germanic states followed suit. Jahn was arrested, jailed as a democratic demagogue, and placed under house arrest for the next five years.He was eventually acquitted but was admonished to relocate far from Berlin to a city or town with neither institutions of higher learning or gymnasia. He was awarded a yearly stipend and settled in Freiburg. The time was a period of personal tragedy for Jahn; two of his three children died while he was under house arrest, and his wife died shortly thereafter. Three of his close followers, Karl Beck, Karl Follen, and Franz Lieber, fearing arrest, fled to North America, bringing gymnastics with them.The Turners remaining in Prussia went underground until the ban on gymnastics was lifted by King Frederick William IV in 1842. 90007
90004 The first German gymnastic festival (90005 Turnfest 90006) was held in Coburg in 1860. The festival attracted affiliated 90005 Turnverein 90006 clubs and marked the beginning of international competition, as the growing family of Turners outside of Germany were invited to participate. Americans had been introduced to gymnastics by followers of Jahn in the late 1820s, but not until тисяча вісімсот сорок вісім, when large numbers of Germans immigrated, did transplanted 90005 Turnverein 90006 members organize clubs and establish a national union of Turner societies.(A similar movement, the Sokol, originated and spread in Bohemia and was also transported to the United States.) By тисяча вісімсот шістьдесят один American Turners and Turners from Germanic regions bordering Prussia attended the second 90005 Turnfest 90006 in Berlin. By the time of the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896 року, eight 90005 Turnfest 90006 s had taken place in Germany with the participation of a growing number of countries. 90007
90004 In 1881 the Fédération Internationale Gymnastique (FIG) was founded to supervise international competition.The тисяча вісімсот дев’яносто шість Olympic Games fostered interest in gymnastics, and the FIG World Championships in gymnastics were organized for men in 1903 році, for women in 1934. 90007
90004 The 1896 Olympic Games marked the advent of true international, open competition in gymnastics. The Games featured typical German, or «heavy apparatus,» events and rope climbing. Gymnastics competitions were not standardized nor free of track-and-field events until the 1928 Olympics, when five of the six events presently held in Olympic gymnastics were contested-pommel horse, rings, vaulting, parallel bars, and horizontal bar, with both compulsory and optional routines required.Women first competed in the Olympics in 1928 in events similar to those of the men except for the addition of the balance beam. Floor exercise events were added in 1932. 90007.